Visual Manifestations of Primary Metaphors Through Mise-en-scène Techniques

Grady distinguishes two main types of metaphor in order to provide a solution in the controversies stemming from the conceptual theory of metaphor: correlation-based metaphors and resemblance metaphors. In “correlation-based metaphors”, the source domain is sensory-motor, while the target domain is not. On the contrary, “resemblance metaphors” are originated by a physical or conceptual perception which is common in both domains, by the association of concepts with common features. Primary metaphors are the minimal units of correlation-based metaphors; they are inherent in human nature and the result of the nature of our brain, our body and the world that we inhabit. We acquire them automatically and we cannot avoid them. Furthermore, as corporal experiences are universal, so are primary metaphors. In this paper, I will argue that primary metaphors manifest themselves visually through scene-setting techniques such as composition, framing, camera movement or lighting. Film-makers can use the different aspects of mise-en-scène metaphorically in order to express abstract notions like evil, importance, control, relationship or confusion. Such visual manifestations, as also occurs with their verbal equivalents, frequently go unnoticed or have been used so often that they have become clichés. But the important thing to bear in mind is that their origin lies in a primary metaphor and due to this origin these kinds of film-making strategies have been so expressively successful.Grady distingue deux catégories principales de métaphores pour résoudre les controverses qui découlent de la théorie conceptuelle de la métaphore : les métaphores basées sur les corrélations ainsi que les métaphores basées sur la ressemblance. Dans le cas des métaphores basées sur les corrélations, le domaine d’origine est sensori-moteur alors que le domaine-cible ne l’est pas. En revanche, les métaphores basées sur la ressemblance résultent d’une perception physique ou conceptuelle partagée par les deux domaines par l’association de concepts ayant des traits communs. Les métaphores primaires sont les unités minimals de métaphores basées sur les corrélations ; elles sont inhérentes à la nature humaine et elles résultent de la nature de notre cerveau, de notre corps et du monde que nous habitons. Nous les acquérons automatiquement sans pouvoir l’éviter. En outre, les métaphores primaires sont universelles tout comme les expériences corporelles. Le présent article prétend que les métaphores primaires se manifestent visuellement par des techniques telles que la composition, le cadrage, le mouvement de caméra ou l’éclairage. Des cinéastes ont la possibilité d’utiliser les différents aspects de la mise-en-scène métaphoriquement pour exprimer des notions abstraites comme le mal, l’importance, le contrôle, une relation ou de la confusion. Comme c’est le cas pour leurs équivalents verbaux, de telles manifestations visuelles ne sont pas toujours remarquées ou elles ont été utilisées tellement souvent qu’elles sont devenues des clichés. Il importe de ne pas oublier que leur origine se trouve dans la métaphore primaire et que, à cause de cette origine, de telles stratégies pour réaliser un film ont eu tellement de succès

The action cam phenomenon: a new trend in audiovisual production

When the GoPro camera was first put on the market in 2004, it brought about a new generation of ultracompact cameras designed to be attached to the user’s body, and which came to be known as action cams. Their principal characteristics were their tiny size, their high-quality images and a wide-angle, fixed-focal-length lens. This combination has made it much simpler to get spectacular subjective shots with considerable depth of field. The users of this technology now form a whole generation of citizen-filmmakers who produce thousands of videos every day in a novel realistic style dominated by first-person narrative. Their work is principally shared via video platforms like YouTube and Vimeo, which provide instant feedback in the form of millions of views. In this paper we analize the common features of the action cam recording style and we state these videos will bring about a redefinition of the realist visual style. Furthermore, we propose to relate the success of the action cam phenomenon with the cognitive concept of embodiment and argue that the viewer’s mirror neurons copy the real sensations and enable the viewer to experience, virtually and in safety, the same emotions felt by the person actually taking part in the action

Literacy difficulties 'self-perception in advertising students

In the last years, university professors have detected an increase in misspellings, even in degrees where proficiency in communication is essential. There is a need to analyse how writing and reading problems prevalence has enlarged, but also the reason why this has happened. This re-search starts from the assumption that in some countries students with literacy difficulties might be reaching the university without a proper diagnosis or support intervention. In the frame of Advertising studies, a creative career with requirements of high knowledge of oral and written communication, the study compares in Spain actual literacy problems diagnoses to literacy self-perception. It also explores the awareness and attitudes toward dyslexia through an online questionnaire. Results show, on one hand, a quantitative discrepancy between actual diagnosis and self-perception struggles. On the other hand, a qualitative discrepancy with those pupils with dyslexia diagnoses reporting lower punctuations in the literacy struggles than the rest. Finally, a practical discrepancy, as there is widespread theoretical knowledge about dyslexia that does not correspond to practical interventions for this problem. Causes and consequences of these discrepancies in communication students require further research

The broad away side of azimuthal correlations: 3 vs 2 final state particles in high energy nuclear collisions

In high energy heavy ion collisions at RHIC there are important aspects of the medium induced dynamics, that are still not well understood. In particular, there is a broadening and even a double hump structure of the away-side peak appearing in azimuthal correlation studies in Au+Au collisions which is absent in p+p collisions at the same energies. These features are already present but suppressed in p+p collisions: 2 to 3 parton processes produce such structures but are suppressed with respect to 2 to 2 processes. We argue that in A+A collisions the different geometry for the trajectories of 3 as opposed to 2 particles in the final state, together with the medium induced energy loss effects on the different cross sections, create a scenario that enhances processes with 3 particles in the final state, which gives on average this double hump structure.Comment: Prepared for the 5th International Workshop on High-pT Physics at LHC, ICN-UNAM, 27 Sep.-1 Oct, 201

Effect of the axial jet on the optimal response in Batchelor vortex

En este póster se estudia la respuesta óptima del torbellino de Batchelor para distintos números de onda. Se demuestra que incluso teniendo la velocidad axial, un torbellino es capaz de tener grandes amplificaciones de energía.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Wingtip vortex in a NACA0012 airfoil and its active control

Contribución mediante sesión pósterWe conduct experiments in a towing-tank to analyse the flow patterns of wingtip vortices in a NACA 0012 airfoil. In this experimental research, we provide PIV measurements and flow visualisations. Without active control, several parameters are given experimentally as function of the Reynolds number, so we compare these data with the theoretical models of Batchelor, and Moore and Saffman together with DNS. Secondly, we analyse the effect of a continuous injection in the spanwise direction. The continuous jet has a strong influence on the wing-tip vortex formation. We explore this effect at low chord based Reynolds number ranging from 7000 up to 20000. We change the aspect ratio of the injection, R, defined as the ratio of the velocities between the jet (Uj) and free-stream (U). For R=1, we find that the jet strongly affects the wingtip vortex formation with a sudden decrement of the axial vorticity and the azimuthal velocity. This technique is a challenge and a promising tool to reduce the intensity of the vortex core.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Three and two-hadron correlations in \sqrt{s_{NN}}=200 GeV proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus collisions

We compare the azimuthal correlations arising from three and two hadron production in high energy proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}}=200 GeV, using the leading order matrix elements for two-to-three and two-to-two parton-processes in perturbative QCD. We first compute the two and three hadron production cross sections in mid-rapidity proton-proton collisions. Then we consider Au + Au collisions including parton energy loss using the modified fragmentation function approach. By examining the geometrical paths the hard partons follow through the medium, we show that the two away-side partons produced in two-to-three processes have in average a smaller and a greater path length than the average path length of the away-side parton in two-to-two processes. Therefore there is a large probability that in the former processes one of the particles escapes while the other gets absorbed. This effect leads to an enhancement in the azimuthal correlations of the two-to-three with respect to the two-to-two parton-processes when comparing to the same processes in proton-proton collisions since in average the particle with the shortest path length looses less energy with respect to the away side particle in two-to-two processes. We argue that this phenomenon may be responsible for the shape of the away-side in azimuthal correlations observed in mid-rapidity Au + Au collisions at RHIC.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Product placement analysis in three Netflix original series

La publicidad ha encontrado un obstáculo con la proliferación de plataformas como Netflix y esto ha provocado el impulso del emplazamiento de producto. Mediante un análisis de contenido, este estudio exploratorio examina el uso del emplazamiento de producto en tres series originales de Netflix, para comprender cómo se comporta en esta plataforma. Los resultados indican que se trata de una fórmula asentada, pero que el tipo de emplazamiento o el número de marcas están determinados por la trama. Igualmente, que la audiencia no se restrinja a un país concreto parece favorecer la presencia de marcas globales.Advertising has encountered an obstacle with the proliferation of platforms like Netflix and this has sparked a boost in product placement. Through a content analysis, this exploratory study examines the use of product placement in three of Netflix’s original series, to understand how it behaves on this platform. The results indicate that it is a settled formula, but that the type of location or the number of marks is determined by the plot. Likewise, the fact that the audience is not restricted to a specific country seems to favor the presence of global brands

Tissue biochemical diversity of 20 gooseberry cultivars and the effect of ethylene supplementation on postharvest life

The European gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa) is still an understudied crop with limited data available on its biochemical profile and postharvest life. A variety of polyphenols were detected in the skin and flesh of 20 gooseberry cvs, representing mainly flavonol glycosides, anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols. In contrast, gooseberry seeds were for the first time characterised by the presence of considerable amounts of hydroxycinnamic acid glycosides tentatively identified by UPLC-QToF/MS. All cvs examined represented a good source of vitamin C while being low in sugar. Furthermore, the postharvest stability of bioactives was explored by supplementation of exogenous ethylene in air at 5 °C. Results suggest a low sensitivity of gooseberries to ethylene. The overall quality of gooseberries remained stable over two weeks, showing potential for extended bioactive life

Integrated Theory of Visual Metaphor

Para la Lingüística Cognitiva la metáfora es un recurso imprescindible del pensamiento que puede tener tanto manifestaciones verbales como no verbales. Sin embargo, gran parte del corpus en el que se basan es lingüístico. Por otro lado, es inexistente una teoría completa y unificada sobre la metáfora visual. En este artículo, se defiende que la metáfora visual tiene un origen conceptual y que debe integrarse en las teorías cognitivas sobre la metáfora.For Cognitive Linguistics metaphor is an essential resource of thought that can have verbal and non-verbal manifestations. However, the corpus focused is verbal basically. On the other hand, a comprehensive and unified theory of the visual metaphor does not exist. In this paper, I defend that visual metaphor has a conceptual origin and must be integrated into cognitive theories of metaphor